Advisors At The Local Food Bank - 1741 Words

In our building there are three main community agencies who donate to our building all the time. Advisors Excel is the first one and they embrace the communities in which we live and work. They have known success as a company primarily through two factors, fostering a culture of community where independent insurance agents and financial advisors are empowered to engage, share and learn from one another, adhering to our four core principles, one of the most important being â€Å"always do the right thing.† Now, they are expanding into the culture and that principle, as well as the success they create, to helping improve the communities in which they as well as their clients live and work. That means accepting responsibility to help address some of the most pressing problems facing those communities, and providing opportunities for those who work with us to do the same. Starting in 2016, Advisors Excel has made a commitment to deploying a group of approximately 50 employees one afternoon a week to help in the community. Whether it’s helping at the local food bank, volunteering at the Boys and Girls Club, assisting with neighborhood cleanup efforts and helping organize and staff, community events, Advisors Excel will donate roughly 5,000 hours of volunteer time to its home community every year. They believe in making an impact — for their clients and those they serve, and for our communities. In 2015, Advisors Excel committed $500,000 to Feeding America ®, the nationâ₠¬â„¢s largestShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is A Positive Or Negative Development?1717 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalisation is controversial, those against globalisation claim that the engenderment of an unfettered international free market has benefited multinational corporations mostly in the Western World. 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How Should China Establish The Privilege of Silence System in Criminal Proceedings Free Essays

string(48) " identified and the defendant must be released\." 1. The origin and the connotations of the Privilege of Silence. â€Å"Miranda warning† originated from a case heard by the U. We will write a custom essay sample on How Should China Establish The Privilege of Silence System in Criminal Proceedings? or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Supreme Court in 1966: an 18-year-old girl was kidnapped and raped, she identified that it was Miranda who did that. The police interrogated Miranda and used his confession as the hearing testimony. After Miranda was convicted he appealed to the Supreme Court on the grounds that the police did not inform him of the right to remain silent, and his confession was concocted under pressure. He said that if he had been told to have a privilege of silence, he would have not made up that confession. After considering all the arguments, the United States Supreme Court ruled the Miranda confession invalid. Because of this jurisprudence, when arresting or interrogating suspects, the police need to say the â€Å"Miranda warning† first. This is how the privilege of silence was born in the judicial system. The Privilege of Silence contains the following connotations: First, the suspect has no obligation to say words which might be detrimental to his/her own, the prosecution agencies or the courts can not use inhuman or degrading methods to force him to say; Second, the suspect has the right to always keep silent during the interrogation, and the judge can not make the adjudication against him/her because his/her silence; Third, before the suspect says the favorable or unfavorable word to him/her, he/she has the right to know the consequences of these words. And he/she must be voluntary to say. If the suspect was forced to speak, the court cannot use these words as the evidence. 2. The Privilege of Silence in China In China, the Privilege of Silence has not yet been established. This is inseparable with China’s actual situation. In China’s judicial practice, on one hand, due to the comparatively poorly developed investigation technology, the testimony of the suspect plays an important part in guiding the police to find out the truth. On the other hand, paying attention to the testimony of the suspect can indeed enhance case handling efficiency. However, the neglect of the right of silence begins to constantly expose some problems. For example, some significant wronged cases reported by the media these years show that the problem of â€Å"Confession by Torture† is so severe in China. Although the confession by torture is strictly prohibited by Criminal Law, yet in the investigation, prosecution or trial activity, the phenomenon of torture generally exists. It is not uncommon that the judiciary staff frequently uses threat, enticement, deceit or other illegal methods to collect evidence, which seriously violates the basic human rights guaranteed in the Constitution. Among the various causes of the torture phenomenon, the most important reasons are the ideology of the presumption of guilt and the practice of relying heavily on confessions. Thus the establishment of the privilege of silence plays an important role in effectively combating with this phenomenon. 3. Pros and cons Whether China shall establish a right to silence system? This has long been the hot topic in the legal circles in recent years. The mainly supporting ideas are as following: (1) The establishment of right to silence can help to curb the long-standing phenomenon of confessions by torture. Extracting confessions by torture is a spurned and forbidden behavior in the civilized society. Its typical characteristic is to impose violence or disguised violence on the suspect, severely devastating both the suspect’s physical and psychological health, violating the natural rights of human. (2) It is required by the full implementation of the presumption of innocence. Although the presumption of guilt is prohibited by law, yet in China’s judicial practice, this harmful ideology is not even close to be banned. Under the impact of this ideology, the alleged offender is considered as a criminal and he/she shall be treated as a criminal. So the penalties, the long-term or even indefinite detention, the torture and other inhuman ways can all be imposed on him/her. 3 (3) China has recognized the right of silent advocated by some international rules or meeting, therefore, China needs to make the corresponding provisions in the Code of Criminal Procedure. With the development of international economic and trade, the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries continue to deepen. You can read also King v Cogdon The technological media makes China’s judicial activities began to be transparent to the world. Thus, to safeguard the image of the country, a high demand of the legality in investigative activities must be assured. (4) The confirmation of the privilege of silence was considered to be one of the most important milestones in human’s fight to the civilization. It ensures the humanity and justice in the criminal proceedings. It reflects the degree of judicial civilization of a country, and is an inevitable requirement of the country according to law. Opponents argue that the country should not create a right of silence system, the right of silence does not meet the conditions of our country, at least for now China does not yet have the conditions to introduce this system, their views mainly include the following: (1) The privilege of silence reduces the effectiveness of the proceedings, and influences the effectiveness of punishing crimes. The confession of the suspect is the shortcut for investigators to identify the facts of the case, but the silent right blocks this shortcut. This right of the suspect would make the investigators’ interrogation right exist in name only. As a result, the search of various potential evidences relies solely on the existing investigation techniques and the professional competence of the investigators, thereby greatly slow down the investigation process, and even stagnating investigative work. There are irreconcilable contradictions between the privilege of silence and the principle of economic proceedings. And if the investigators failed to find relevant evidences other than the confession, the truth of the case would not be identified and the defendant must be released. You read "How Should China Establish The Privilege of Silence System in Criminal Proceedings?" in category "Papers" If the released defendant were the real criminal, then it would undoubtedly indulgent the evil, and would obstruct upholding the social justice. (2) The privilege of silence is bound to increase the cost of litigation. Once the suspect decides to keep silent, investigators then have to spend time and energy, make use of manpower, material and financial resources to search for clues and evidence for the case. Therefore, the establishment of the silent right system will inevitably lead to the increase in the cost of litigation. (3) The privilege of silence cannot fundamentally exclude the confession by torture. The right of silence can help to curb the torture to some degree, but due to a variety of objectively presenting reasons, investigators can always come up with various means or reasons to circumvent the legal responsibility. Therefore, the privilege of silence itself is not the cure of torture. To make the privilege truly serve to inhibit the confession by torture, there must be corresponding establishment of mechanisms to ensure the enforcement of this privilege. (4) In some major crimes of terrorism and organized crimes, the privilege of silence might be used by these â€Å"career criminals†, making them escape from the punishment of law. This is contrary to the original purpose. Despite there are certain flaws exist in the privilege of silence system, However, even criminals should also have their own personal rights, not to mention the suspects, any suspect can not be identified as guilty before the court makes a final judgment, so their right to remain silent should not be illegally infringed. If such a close judicial procedure could not be ensured, then the remote â€Å"eternal justice† would be doomed to remain as utopia. The reason that the Americans has accepted the â€Å"Miranda warning† and would tolerate the side effects of the Miranda rule is that they believe that the law’s first function is to suppress the public authority, secondary is to suppress the dangerous social criminals. 1 If the public authority were out of control, its harms to the society would be far more than those of personal crimes. Letting go the murderers may make the justice come late, but letting loose the public power may ultimately distort and devaluate justice. If the authority were abused to protect the so-called justice, it would be extremely possible that some legal-abiding citizens might be pushed into the abyss of evil. By then, even if it punished crimes a hundred times, it would not offset the pains that a kind person had gone through from one injustice. Even though the build of the privilege of silence system is the trend, it is important for us to realize that there are objective flaws exist in this system, efforts should be made to prevent its negative effects. According to the current conditions of the country, my suggestion is to confirm a limited right of silence. 4. Recommendations: Build a limited privilege of silence system. The right of Silence System is an integrated system that contains many aspects of deep-seated factors in the litigation. Thus the establishment of the right of silence system is not a simple task, but a systematic project, including the legislators’ decision-making, the public’s recognition and support, the corresponding operational mechanism and the appropriate protection mechanism. Therefore, under current conditions, the country needs to establish a minimum mechanism of protection of the right to silence. (1) Comprehensively establish the principle of the presumption of innocence. The principle of the presumption of innocence is one of the basic principles in the criminal proceedings and is a generally recognized criminal procedure principle for modern countries under the rule of law. And the right of silence system is the necessary logic requirement of the principle of the presumption of innocence. The Article 12 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in China stipulates: â€Å"No person shall be found guilty without being judged as such by a People’s Court according to law. † It has absorbed the spirit of the presumption of innocence. Therefore, the Code of Criminal Procedure should further clarify the principle of the presumption of innocence. This is the theoretical basis for and the guarantee of implementation of the privilege of silence system. Accordingly, the Article 12 can be modified to: â€Å"Every person should be regarded as innocent before the Court’s effective verdict. Every suspect has the privilege of silence, unless his/her privilege of silence is excluded by law. † (2) Expressly exclude the rule of self-incrimination and clearly confirm the privilege of silence. Prohibit making any adverse inference because of the suspect’s silence. Cancel the obligation stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Law that requires the suspects to answer questions truthfully. There is a close connection between the exclusion of self-incrimination and the privilege of silence. And the exclusion of self-incrimination should be a basic principle for the criminal proceedings. Therefore this principle could be added in the first chapter of the Code of Criminal Procedure—-the tasks and basic principles, namely: â€Å"any person can not be compelled to testify against himself/herself, suspects and defendants in criminal proceedings have the right to remain silent, unless his/her right of silence is excluded by law. Prohibit regarding the suspects’ and the defendants’ silence as aggravating circumstances. There is a contradiction between the right of silence and the obligation to honestly state. Therefore, to ensure the exercise of the privilege of silence, the 93 Article of the Code of Criminal Procedure stipulates that the suspect must answer the investigators’ questions truthfully should be removed. 7 (3) Establish Illegal Oral Evidence exclusionary rule and arbitrary confession rule. These are two important rules in the rules of e vidence and are institutional guarantees for the privilege of silence and can help curb the phenomenon of confession by torture. Illegal evidence exclusion rules require all illegal or improper obtained evidences (rather than confession out of free will) should be absolutely ruled out, and confessions cannot be proven beyond reasonable doubt should also be excluded. Arbitrary confession rule puts that, unless the law explicitly limits, the confessions are effective only under the circumstances that the suspects voluntarily, intentionally and rationally give up their rights of silence. In China, the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China clearly stipulates that Judges, prosecutors and investigators must, in accordance with legal procedures, collect various evidence that can confirm the suspect’s and the defendant’s guilt or innocence, or the gravity of his/her crime; extorting confessions by torture, threatening, enticing, tricking or other illegal methods are strictly forbidden in collecting evidence; and any person shall not be compelled to prove his own guilt. Therefore, based on the existing spirit of law, we can further confirm the evidence exclusion rules. In the Article 46 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, after the existing â€Å"†¦ credence shall not be readily given to oral statements†,7 we can further add â€Å"where extorting confessions by torture or threat, inducement, fraud, extended detention or other illegal methods that are used to obtain the testimony of witnesses, statements of victims and the confessions of the suspect can be verified, then these confessions shall not be used to accuse a crime or make a judgment. (4) Establish systems to encourage the defendant to testify, including the testimony immunity system and leniency programs. The right to silence does not mean that suspects cannot speak, nor that to encourage suspects to not confess, but to give him/her the right to choose whether to remain silent or to make a statement, this is to protect his/ her basic human rights. The law does not prohibit self- incrimination, but prohibits forced self-incrimination. In America, for example, through the Plea Bargaining, the offender’s guilty plea rate is up to 90%. To minimize the side effects of the right to silence system, we shall establish some relevant systems to ensure that the defendant actively cooperates with the judicial authorities in a timely manner to investigate the facts. First, through legalizing the leniency policies to encourage the defendant to admit guilt initiatively, making the confession the legal circumstances of leniency, rather than just discretionary circumstances. The second is to establish testimony immunity system. Prohibit using some of the defendant’s statements to testify against herself/himself, and exempt the according criminal responsibilities. But note the testimony immunity system should only be applied to some significant and complex cases, for example, organized crime, triad societies, smart crime, corruption and bribery crime, transnational crime or other major crimes. (5) Improve the witness system. The testimony of witnesses is an important means to expose and prove the criminal. The establishment of right to silence system will make the Criminal proceedings mainly rely on evidences other than confessions. Consequently, the role of the witness testimony will be more prominent and more important. Therefore, the Code of Criminal Procedure should stipulate that witnesses must appear in court, and construct supporting measures to improve the attendance of witnesses and to ensure the witnesses provide testimony objectively and sufficiently. First, we must establish system to force witness to court and clear the legal consequences of the illegal testimony. The second is to establish a material compensation system and the security guarantee system for the witness, eliminating their worries. 6) Establish the Notification of Procedural Rights and the Lawyer Presence Right mechanisms, protect the suspect’s meeting right and communication right. These are the important procedural safeguards for the full implementation of the right to silence, without which, the right of silence would merely be a meaningless rule. It is impossible for people to exercise their rights if they don’t know them. And the judicial officers may use the misleading and unclear circumstances to lure confessions. To make the suspects be clearly informed of their rights prior to the interrogation is a common practice and consensus in most countries. Therefore, the law must stipulate detailed requirements to the notification system, including the time and specific issues of the notification, statutory interpretation obligations and the consequences of having failed to perform the duties and responsibilities. Due to the suspects are not necessarily familiar with the law, without the assistance of counsel, the right to silence is difficult to be well implemented. The lawyer presence right is an effective way to avoid confession by torture and to ensure the exercise of the right of silence. In China’s criminal proceedings, the lawyer’s involvement degree is very low, especially compared to the developed countries. Therefore, according to the country’s conditions, except some major cases, such as cases involves national security, complex organized crime cases, the Code of Criminal Procedure should endow the presence right to the lawyer. Through protecting the meeting rights and communication rights of the suspects, the law can prevent or reduce the coercion to the suspects in custody. Therefore, the law should reduce the limits to the suspect’s meet and communication. Of course, in some special cases, to protect some significant social interests, the law can set up necessary exceptions, review or control the suspect’s meeting and communication rights. (7) Establish some exceptions to the right of silence. To decide whether or not a suspect will be endowed the right of silence in a case, the specific issues need to be analyzed first. In some special cases, the suspects’ right of silence should be restricted. These restrictions are to seek the unification between individual rights and the social interest. According to this principle, at least it seems to me, the following crimes should be excluded: A. Crimes of endangering national security, financial fraud crime and computer crime. The country’s interests are above everything else, to effectively safeguard national security and fight against both domestic and foreign hostile forces, the chapter one of the Criminal Law–crimes of endangering national security—could be excluded. The intelligent crimes have become increasingly prominent and due to the limits of the country’s investigative techniques, the high-tech crimes are to difficult to detect. Thus, at least for now it is not appropriate to give such criminals the privilege of silence. B. Smuggling, narcotics, money laundering, robbery and other severe joint crime, criminal syndicate and underworld crime and other organized crime. In crimes such as smuggling, narcotics and money laundering, criminals usually use one-way communication. Thus the confessions of the suspects play a crucial role in revealing the cases’ causes, backgrounds and processes, and the relationships between the accomplices. If they were given the right to silence, the real culprits behind the scene would not likely to be captured. Organized crime has the following characteristics: numerous people, strict organization, huge hazards or potential harms and hard to track down. Such cases are very difficult to catch, of accomplices, confessions plays the pivotal role. Therefore the confessions of the captured suspects tend to play a decisive role in such cases. C. Corruption, bribery and huge unidentified property cases. At present, China is in a period of high incidence of corruption cases, the fight against corruption is a long-term and arduous task. In order to effectively combat corruption and bribery, to curb and reduce the incidence of job-related crimes, it is recommended that those crimes are being excluded. Besides, most criminal subjects in these crimes hold an important authority; have a certain degree of education background and social status. Which means they have wide social relations and strong social activities ability, and often have both preparations before and countermeasures after the crime. Such strong anti-investigative capacities often interfere the detection processes. The investigation of these crimes would be harder if they were endowed with the privilege of silence, which would damage the interests of the country. D. Cases relate to public safety and emergency situations. For crimes involving public safety, if not got confessions in time, significant public safety hazard would happen. For life threatening cases, if the suspect did not immediately provide the place of where the victims were hidden, the personal safety of the victims would be endangered. Thus the privilege of silence should be excluded in these cases. For example, kidnapping, illegal detention, unaccounted dangerous goods crimes such as poisons, firearms, ammunitions and explosives. To these cases, at the trial stage, the privilege of silence is undoubtedly applied, but at the interrogation stage, whether or not the privilege of silence should be given need to be identified by the judges. E. The defendant should not keep silent on some crimes unrelated basic personal information. Such information includes name, identity, age, occupation, address and so on. This is in order to combat crime effectively and accurately, and to avoid unnecessary losses. (8) Improve the construction of the judicial organs. The establishment of the privilege of silence system is the trend, which put forward higher requirements for the construction of the judicial organs. The judicial offices should actively respond to this trend and try to improve themselves in the following two ways: First, update the judicial notions of the staff and weaken the confession’s role in evidence system. In current criminal proceedings, the confession is known as the â€Å"king of the evidence†, the value and importance of the confession is extremely exaggerated. This notion is still deeply rooted in the minds of many judicial officers, which is contrary to the requirements of the right of silence system. Therefore, the judicial organs should change their concepts, and establish the concept of human rights protection, and resolutely put an end to the behavior of extracting confessions. Second, use high-tech to equip judicial organs, and to improve their investigation abilities. The establishment of the privilege of silence system will makes the judicial officers pay more attention to obtaining external evidence rather than confessions. Which requires the country to increase investment in technology and equipment of the investigative organs, to improve the standards of the investigators, and to actualize scientific investigation. With the development of the litigation civilization and the improvement of the detection capability, the number of the unpunished criminals will be gradually reducing, and the side effects of the privilege of silence system will be minimized. How to cite How Should China Establish The Privilege of Silence System in Criminal Proceedings?, Papers

Strategic Management Zara Limited

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Managementfor Zara Limited. Answer: Introduction Zara is Spanish clothing and accessories retailing company that provides huge variety of fashion apparels to male as well as female customers. The company follows a unique approach of fashion to fulfill the current and future needs of clothing industry. The report includes strategic approach to retail industry and the company is lacking in its strategic which is highly impacting its market growth. The companys policy of imitation has been discussed in the below section and few suggestions are recommended to company to improve ethically and strategically as well. Summary of SWOT Strengths: One of the major strengths of company is its global expansion as it has more than 70 stores across the world. The company enjoys a well established brand name all over the world. The supply chain management system of company is really effective. Another biggest strength of company is its trendy, well designed and quick delivery of goods. Weaknesses: One of the major weaknesses of company is that it is low in store inventory. Also, the company is known for its centralized production which can be contemplated as its major weakness. Opportunities: There are more international markets that have huge opportunities for Zara. For instance, Australian customers perceive Zara as a fashionable industry and hence, the company must plan to enhance its operations in Australia. They can also plan to enter into more target segments in which they have not planned its expansion yet. The company can use the online platform as it is a great opportunity to attract huge traffic with the help of this platform. Also, growth of companys commodities in US has great potential. Threats: Economic downturn is a major threat for the development of company. Nowadays, customer switching can be a major threat for companies like Zara. The companys policy of no advertising campaign can be a major threat for its growth. Apart from this, higher price tag as compared to its competitors can be treated as a threat too. One of the major threats to Zara are online retailers as the company has not shown its major online presence yet. The neck to neck competition from other companies like HM and Uniqlo is a major threat for Zara. Strategy Evaluation Zara has a great production process that aims to provide frequent new products to its customers at low cost. In this regard, the business strategy of company is based on both differentiation and cost leadership strategy and the amalgamation of both is regarded as integrated cost leadership and differentiation. Mainly, the company focuses to keep the balance between low cost and differentiated products (Mo, 2015). Differentiation strategy can be defined as the development of a product or a service that offer unique attributes and valued by most of its customers. On the other hand, cost leadership strategy can be defined as the establishments of products to offer its customers at minimum possible cost. The differentiation in the products of Zara can be seen in the number of available styles by reducing quantities of the same product in the inventory. In this manner, Zara manufactures differentiated products at low cost as minimum quantities help company to save inventory cost (Crofton and Dopico, 2007). On the contrary to this, cost leadership is attained by company by selling its products to its customers at affordable price. With the main aim to maintain low cost with high maintenance of fashion apparels, the company imitates the latest designs and tries to manufacture similar products with cheaper materials. In this way, the company is capable enough of reducing selling price by using cost leadership strategy (He, 2015). This shows that Zara utilizes cost leadership and differentiation strategy as its business level strategy. Apart from this, Zara uses single business as its major corporate level strategy as 95% of companys revenues come from its clothing business. Though, it is true that the company also operates in home furnishing and other arenas too but it does not contribute more to companys revenues (Kordamentha, 2016). The main aim of company is to attain global efficiency with local responsiveness and to ensure the same; the company has adopted transnational strategy which is the combination of the global strategy, the multinational strategy and the international strategy. The main objective of this strategy is to facilitate a firms global operations with the help of perfect combination, interdependence and cooperation. The company has become potentially strong to increase products awareness and market share with the help of this strategy (Business insider, 2017). On the other hand, Zara utilizes imitation strategy to enhance its sales volume with an ease. the company perceives that it is hard to please each customer and study the market to determine their choices as well as it is a time consuming process (Mo, 2015). Therefore, Zara finds those products which are used by large number of people and this helps company to study the preferences of its customers. In this manner, the company imitates th ose designs to present them in the market with the main aim to attract huge traffic and please its customers without any kind of difficulty. Problems/Challenges and Recommendation Identification of Three Main Strategic Issues Strategic issues refer to significant elements that need great attention with the main aim to attain business goals of a company. there is a need to pay proper attention to resolve such kind of issues as early as possible so that they do not impact the performance of a business in a critical manner. In context to this, some of the major strategic issues faced by the company may include: One of the major strategic issues is its imitation strategy as Zara is contemplated as the fashion imitator. The company does not predict the desires of its customers as it sees the needs and their preferences and imitate them in a proper manner to satisfy its customers. For this purpose, Zara has a group of some special employee who are called fashion detectives. Here, the major problem with this strategy is the lawsuits and fines which are caused by transgression (The conversation, 2015). Zara is usually known for plagiarism in its products and pays fines up to tens of millions of Euros each year. For instance, Louboutin questioned Zara for imitating its open toed red soled sandals. Also, a French woman blamed Zara of stealing her snaps and printing them on its patent clothes. The whole scenario has deteriorated and impacted companys reputation that Zaras products are not for those customers who ask for originality. Therefore, lack of genuine design has become a critical issue for the effective development of company (Sun, 2014). Another major issue faced by Zara can be its positioning problem which can be defined making an influential image or perception of product in the minds of customers. Zara is a big global brand image which is ranked 48th in the worlds top 100 brands. Basically, the company aims to provide the latest fashion designs to its customers at the right time at minimum possible cost (Lutz, 2015). Here, Zara offers broad product lines with high fashion content at reasonable prices but the major issue is that it does not offer excessive physical quality. It is believed that quality is one of the major pillars to win the hearts of customers and if a company is unable to make a positive image in the minds of customers that it does not produce excessive quality products then, this can be a major problem. Therefore, Zara must present a global image that it provides highest standards of quality to its customers (He, 2015). Apart from this, international expansion problem can be contemplated as another major strategic issue of Zara. Zara has its business operations in more than 56 countries across the world with more than 1800 stores of Zara. In this context, Zara has been facing two critical issues in which one of them is that it is quite difficult for company to satisfy the desires of customers living in different regions. When it tries to satisfy the tastes of all the customers then, the process becomes very time consuming. In the same arena, another challenge is that the cost is high due to in house production and Zara has to import resources from other regions which make it difficult for company to lessen the cost of its products (Crofton and Dopico, 2007). Recommendations From the above analysis, it has been highly recommended to company that it should pay more attention to original designs rather than following the imitation strategy. Though, imitation strategy has given several benefits to company but company should move to ensure production of original production (Thomson and Baden-Fuller, 2010). Also, the company should plan to introduce some eye catching and attractive clothing which should be originally designed by a famous designer. Apart from this, Zara must present a global image that may offer the highest standards of quality with the main aim to serve reliable products to fashion lovers across the globe. Not only this, the company should ensure great cooperation with foreign suppliers by implementing flexible production techniques (Sumer, 2012). Besides this, it is advisable to Zara to plan for new market entry by implementing diversification strategy to ensure innovation in its clothing designs. This would provide potential benefits to Zara to enhance its global sales with an ease. Another major recommendation to company is that it must reduce the costs by effectively utilizing new technologies (Hlavacka, et al., 2001). Lastly and the most important recommendation to Zara is that it should use online platform to ensure its effective promotion with the main aim to increase brand value as well as to enhance sales volume (Thomson and Baden-Fuller, 2010). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Zara has a growing market share across the world. It is true that the success and failure of company highly depends on what kind of competitive advantage and strategy this company offers to please its customers. By implementing the above mentioned recommendations, the company can improve its strategic image and can lead as a key player in such a highly competitive era. References Business insider. (2017) This clothing company whose CEO is richer than Warren Buffet is blowing the competition out of water.[Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/This-clothing-company-whose-CEO-is-richer-than-Warren-Buffett-is-blowing-the-competition-out-of-the-water/articleshow/47655720.cms [Accessed: 30 January 2017]. Crofton, S.O. and Dopico, L.G. (2007) Zara-Inditex And The Growth Of Fast Fashion, Essays in Economic Business History, 25, pp. 41-54. He, N. (2015) How to Maintain Sustainable Competitive Advantages-----Case Study on the Evolution of Organizational Strategic Management, International Journal of Business Administration, 3 (5), 45-51. Hlavacka, S., Bacharova, E., Rusnakova, F. and Wagner, R. (2001) Performance implications of Porters generic strategies in Slovak hospitals; Journal of Management in Medicine, 15 (1), pp. 44-66. Kordamentha. (2016) Fashion retailing and wholesaling in australia from catwalk to customer. [Online]. Available at: https://www.kordamentha.com/docs/default-source/publications/16-01_fashion-retailing-and-wholesaling.pdf [Accessed: 30 January 2017]. Lutz, A. (2015) This clothing company whose CEO is richer than Warren Buffett is blowing the competition out of the water. Business Insider [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/This-clothing-company-whose-CEO-is-richer-than-Warren-Buffett-is-blowing-the-competition-out-of-the-water/articleshow/47655720.cms [Accessed: 30 January 2017]. Mo, Z. (2015) Internationalization Process of Fast Fashion Retailers: Evidence of HM and Zara, International Journal of Business and Management 10 (3), pp. 217-236. Mo,Z. (2015) Internationalization process of fast fashion retailers: Evidence of HM and Zara, International journal of business and management, 10 (3). Sumer, K. (2012) Business Strategies and Gaps in PorterS Typology, Journal of Management Research, pp. 110-112. Sun, R. (2014) Big challenges and opportunities. China Daily Asia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.chinadailyasia.com/business/2014-02/24/content_15120150.html [Accessed: 30 January 2017]. The conversation. (2011). Zaras Australian entrance to challenge local retailers. [Online]. Available at: https://theconversation.com/zaras-australian-entrance-to-challenge-local-retailers-272 [Accessed: 30 January 2017]. Thomson, N. and Baden-Fuller, C. (2010) Basic Strategy in Context: European text and cases. USA: John Wiley Sons.

Racial Discrimination in Public Schools an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Racial Discrimination in Public Schools Introduction The term racial discrimination creates a distinction between one group of people with another. This is normally based on the skin color, facial features and the hair texture. It normally vary depending on the culture, and social economic factors that lead on the decision by teachers and students in choosing who is to succeed and who is to fail in the school performance of the students. We find that this discrimination in schools has led to unequal disciplining system among other factors in schools. Need essay sample on "Racial Discrimination in Public Schools" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Effects of Racial discrimination Teachers are said to be practicing discipline on students depending on the race, gender and socio-economic factors, though many people including teachers argue that the discipline and policy practices in schools are balanced and objective. There are still main causes that lead to an increase in the number of students of color being sent out of school. There are various causes of racial inequality in discipline implementation in many public schools this include: (Darnell, James and Downey, 1998) Cultural Insensitivity and Misunderstanding: This has been said to be the major factor leading to crisis in discipline systems both in students and the teaching member and in which it has been predicted that this case will lead to the distinction racial and ethnic groups among students. Due to the growing urban population in cities, many suburban schools are growing thus increasing the racial and language differences. Contrary, the numbers of teachers decrease due to color and social differences in which we find many school administrators employing teachers depending on the number of the color students. This has probably led to a cultural variance through which a number of teachers lack knowledge with the cultural values, and belief systems of the students. Therefore, due to lack of the teachers familiarity with the students cultural perspectives, the teacher is not able to understand the behavior of a particular student. Socio-Economic Factors: This is normally experienced in many schools creating differences among the members in the learning institution. For example, a situation where we find a teacher living in a middle social class that has a uniform way of living and a lower income student is living in an economically troubled society. This difference between the teacher and the student is said to complicate the relationship between the two groups. Students Defiance: This is the resistance of a student over their teachers authorities. This kind of students behavior is normally characterized by not following the teachers directions and also talking back. This has been said to usually come up as a result of racism thus creating a negative impact teaching and learning. This resistance is another factor that is claimed to be an effect of the inequity cases in schools under which students react in a particular ways such as breaking of school rules, disrupting class sessions and their denial in learning. Many researchers conclude that this resistant is a factor leading to the existing discipline crisis. These behaviors results in the irritation and annoyance of the teacher who sometimes lack skills of resolving his students resistance especially where there is a racial contribution to the situation. (Darnell, James and Downey, 1998) Lack of Academic and Social Support: This is normally linked with the case of the students resistance whereby research finds that most students claim to be disruptive because they do not receive adequate support in doing their school assignments or in developing skills in their self management which leads to a low academic competence whereby most students are held back leading to lower achievement. It is said that racial discrimination in schools has a diversified effects on the students which normally differ with the presence of many factors including those of self attitudes and the cultural and socio-economic backgrounds. These factors target the performance of the students whereby a negative impact is brought, i.e. when a school administration fails to address the needs of its students. This may be done when the school administers are formulating their curriculum that include the exclusion of minority cultures and languages which proves to lack relevance to the students. This in turn make students to loose interest whereby they fail to attend school and some of them dropping out of schools due to the boredom caused by the school curricula. Such a cause may also lead to a low literacy rate among the members of the society. (Kohn, 2002) Employment: The other effect of discrimination is the diminishing in employment prosperities of the children due to low educational levels. There exists a high unemployment rates since most of the children were discouraged from attending school due to racial discrimination. For this case they did not acquire enough knowledge and skills that would be required to be applied in a working environment rather than at school, thus creating a sub-class of society members thus increasing the discrimination factors in the community. Acceptance of Racial Discrimination: Through this, the children are forced to learn that discrimination is part of their ways of life in the community meaning they accept it. This normally makes make the children to grow up in a manner of separating themselves from others thus having a negative effect on the childs integration with others in the community. Lack of Respect: Racial discrimination can also lead to the loss of the societies cultures and language. This can also lead to lack of interest of the children in maintaining instructions of a particular language and culture through which many children have the inability of communicating effectively in the particular traditional language due to an incomplete grasp of the official language learnt at school. Psychological Insinuation: Racial discrimination is said to be having psychological implication on various children in the society since the children are forced to participate in a particular culture at school. This is so because; it forces them to alter to their home cultures. Through this, the students face a variety of conflicts giving rise to a psychological and identity problem. (Kohn, 2002) Alienation: This normally occurs in children due to the assimilation policies that are imposed in schools which are normally meant to break the conversion of culture and language from an older generation to a younger generation. This leads to the alienating of the native children from their society older to younger stimulating the identity crisis within their societies. This alienation can lead social isolation that might also lead to depression through stress anger and fatigue which normally happen to detract the student from performing in schools. This case of discrimination has been shown to have taken a large proportion of the minority members of the society who are classified as underclass, though there are conditions that have been developed to reduce this issue of race, one of it is the positive action developed by schools and other institutions in which we find various people who are engaged in fighting for equality and just in the society, this has led to the fading of the demand for socialism, this has brought the socio-economic class differences to a lower level therefore the need for an economic equality has resulted into more demands of justice opposing the equality in terms of race and sex including the socio-economic classes. There is a risen need for multi-culturalism that is meant to practically reduce the need for common school work for the minority students thus providing support for the teachers to ensure that academic difficulties are dealt with in this case, we see that teachers are struggling to help the students who are affected by the racial discrimination who end up with a lower performance, the teachers argue that there exist no racial discrimination on the ground of socio-economic factors but they say that the performance of a student is normally affected by the perception of the students about the particular topics covered in class whereby they have created changes in the planning of courses whereby the teacher is forced to have many choices of materials to use in motivating these students. We also see that most teachers spend time on discussions in class activities that normally imposes emotion, social and moral parts of education. This is normally an effective method of motivating students to act on difficult topics in their studies. Under this the students are always encouraged to read more books to gain more knowledge for themselves in various aspects of their studies. It is said that governments have also brought up a race equality policy, which is used describe how school administrators plan to fight these racial discrimination which will afterwards promote equality in many schools and also encourage good race relations in school and in class attendance . This policy is meant to provide various strategies to be used. It normally covers important policies, thus stating how the school meets its administration policies covering the racial equality with an aim of eliminating this issue from the schools This policy is normally a written document that carries the responsibilities and obligations that should be linked to the school activities. Therefore for a schools policy to be effective, it should be kept as part of the development plan of the school, it should also show the practical aspects on the details of how the school will implement the policy. It also defines clearly the duties and obligations so that the teachers and the students including the parents are brought to an awareness of what is expected of them. The schools are therefore given the responsibility to prepare the students who will meet, live and work with people of different culture and social backgrounds. Therefore they should ensure that the culture and philosophy of the school are compatible not putting in mind the backgrounds of its members of the school. This we enable an equal treatment of each other with respect under this the students are provided with an opportunity to express themselves universally. The schools should be aware that permission of a particular group through which those members of the society who do not qualify makes them frustrated, resentment, loss of self-esteem, and racial hostility. The racial discrimination issue has played a role bringing discrepancies in schools between the socio-economic classes in education though there have major efforts in the fighting of this issue there is still some cases reported in various schools. Recommendations and Conclusion In most cases, lack of motivation leads to, absenteeism, poor performance, lack of involvement in activities, and dropout cases in high schools. Most students are said to be undergoing various challenges while at school. Some of these problems may include: fear of failure, lack of academic success, social pressures, lack of confidence in themselves, misplacement of papers and books, frequent absenteeism, lack of motivation and quietness while in school due to racial discrimination. Teachers are therefore asked to focus on the students problems culturally, linguistically and socially and at the same time, they should encourage the students to choose subjects that are of interest to them. These students should also be allowed choose a unit of their study whereby the teacher can relate the students preferences of the subjects by asking them questions on the subjects they like and those they dislike but not basing on the racial factors. In this case, the high school teachers who are seri ous and are engaged in educating this category of students in public schools must apply the teaching techniques they have acquired in order to motivate these students to achieve their goals in school. From this case, each child should be involved in every meaningful learning while at school. Motivation can be done either intrinsically whereby the relationship between learning and the interest of the student is involved. Under this case the teacher should be able to bring together the students learning with their non-learning interest such as socializing, watching movies, sports, listening to music, under this kind of motivation a student may find some parts of his learning being more interesting , thus changing the students negative attitudes towards learning. Where as, the extrinsically kind of motivation involves, learning focusing on punishments and rewarding. Although this method may worsen the students negative attitudes, the teachers is urged to allow the student to have the freedom of choice and making decisions instead of punishing them. (Kohn, 2002) The first step that a teacher is recommended to take is to know what the students like or dislike about the school activities and what they would recommend the school to do to enable them have an environment that makes them to learn better. The teacher is encouraged to be caring and be able to give attention and assistance to each and every student in his class. This is said to be normally the major factor leading to improvement in the achievement of the students school goals. The teacher should also show the students how the courses they are learning are applied outside the school environment thus making it more relevant to their future. Also the teacher should encourage the students to acquire more experiences on what they are learning so that they may be able to apply the experienced skills personally in their working areas. School as a whole are advised to establish a learning format that can enable them set goals for each student. This format can enable each student to get rewar ds for his or her great efforts and achievements. This would in turn make the students to be motivated whereby learning in a school is made to be a competition with few rewards available to the best performing students through which recognition of individuals excellence is one way of motivating the other students to work harder so that they can also be rewarded accordingly. Although many school students are said to be motivated with their teachers explanation on what is expected of them, how much efforts they should add and how they are going to be rewarded for their better performances. Parents are also said to be the best ingredient in motivating their children. The parents should participate in promoting active learning in their school children by enabling their children to set up their short-term goals that will enable them create confidence and have a commitment to school. The parents can also make their children understand the skills and knowledge required to get a better job after schooling. This will enable the children need to keep learning after school which is normally used to create a foundation for their childrens future life. The parents are encouraged to talk to their children openly so as to find out the real cause of their lack of interest in the school performance. They should also be encouraged to spend most of their times at the school where their children attend so that they can be able to know what activities are carried out in the school. They should take their role as parents to encourage their children to be involved in study groups for informal study sessions. This may be done through church groups or school organizations. This normally encourages the child to grow and become independent rather than to be dependent on his parents carrying the skills they have acquired to the work places. Also the parent should encourage their children to engage in some volunteering work whereby the community is used as a classroom, thereby enabling the student to know how learning is to be applied in the real world apart from applying it on the class works only; this helps the student to decide on what to do i n future. References Darnell, A., James, W. and Downey, D. B. (1998): Assessing the Oppositional Culture Explanation for Racial/Ethnic Differences in School Performance: - American Sociological Review 63: 536-553. Entwisle, A. and Horsey, C. (1997): From First Grade Forward: - Early Foundations of High School Dropout Sociology of Education Kohn, A. (2002): Punished by Rewards:-The Trouble with Gold Stars. Incentive Plan, A's, Praise, & Other Bribes:-Boston. Houghton Mifflin

Examining Holiday Business Issues Facing Sylt And Westerland Tourism Essays

Examining Holiday Business Issues Facing Sylt And Westerland Tourism Essays Examining Holiday Business Issues Facing Sylt And Westerland Tourism Essay Examining Holiday Business Issues Facing Sylt And Westerland Tourism Essay As we know in this instance study Germany great nature with different geographics country that is location in the North Sea name Sylt, it has been good known island for nature, watering place resort and medical intervention. Sylt Island with 21000 dwellers with 12 communities and Westerland is largest town of the Island with 9500 dwellers. On this study the writer have show with chief focal point on the Westerland with some job. After that I will analysis job and besides I will give some provide recommendation every bit good as solution for each job. First of all job is local and abroad lessening with high monetary value in Sylt Island, that the monetary value have keep longtime from get downing with mark market of high degree society. Base on informations show us chiefly target market visit of Sylt Island about older than 40 twelvemonth old with 57 per centum of the entire figure, it non difference comparison with other topographic point in France and Switzerland such as resort of St Tropez or St Moritz, that why Sylt Island ca nt acquire excessively much group types of visitant. And another job of Sylt and Westerland are non pulling for foreign tourer. Harmonizing on the study in 1977 they merely have merely 2779 visitant came from abroad and the mean length of stay merely 7.7 yearss. The ratio foreign of tourer merely took 1 % of the entire sum tourer in this twelvemonth. If Sylt Island wants to better for this job, they need to reexamine the monetary value scheme. As we know the monetary value excessively high to pull another mark market such as immature people. They can non pay excessively much money for vacancy during to remain in Sylt Island. Another side to better for foreign tourer I think they should better to make some activities for beach as we know Sylt and Westerland has a beautiful Island with many activities such as film, museum, casino, etc, but they do nt hold excessively much for activities for beach it can assist the Sylt and Westerland to pull more foreign tourer, even and festival. It can assist Sylt and Westerland get many net income from foreign tourer, even or group circuit because in Europe when they have vacant they ever bring their household or group circuit to travel to go, it will be the best pick when we have many best installation can supply them. Second, when I analysis job I can saw another side for mark market of Sylt and Westerland. They merely concentrate for affluent guest, they lack dressed ore for another generate invitee who can remain more clip when they during stay in Sylt Island. Because as we know affluent guest they really fast to remain in Island so if Sylt and Westerland can pull for the invitee who can remain longer clip for visit or bask another installations by lessening monetary value for them such as create bundle tour include monetary value of room will be hold free for breakfast forenoon or if they stay in Sylt and Westerland they can acquire dismiss 10 % when they want to bask another installations. The last but non list for job is the entryway fee for indoor of swimming pool excessively high. Base on the consequence 65.5 % they neer been at that place. So about the invitee do nt fulfill for indoor pool, as we know for indoor of swimming merely merely attract about the invitee such as: adolescent or some people they do nt desire travel into the sea. So in my solution they can alter the manner for monetary value. They besides can dismiss the monetary value if the invitees stay more than 1 hebdomad or we can offer for them by free for following clip when they come. Last point for analysis job is figure of vacation taken lessening by 3.3 million journeys, with the most of the decrease happening for domestic vacation journey. So basal on job, my solution for Sylt and Westerland is they need to make some publicity for vacation, as we know the publicity is the portion for selling can pull more client who ever go out for vacation. And besides if Sylt and Westerland have great publicity it besides can assist them non merely for domestic but besides can pull foreign traveller. Particularly it can make best image for Sylt to campare with other competitory. Particular client construction As I mention before mark market of Sylt and Westerland are affluent client and visitant older than 40, and the age between71 and 80 merely 7 % another side 21 and 30 merely merely 8 % . That mean the Sylt Island lost to immature people. Because as we all know general immature people do nt hold the job for wellness so they do nt necessitate to pay money for it, and besides they lack for fiscal so that they can non to come to Sylt and Westerland. We can state that visitant older than 40 and wealthy are the chief of the mark market or we can state peculiar client construction of Sylt and Westerland is high society degree of client with really high pricing, so it general barrier of Sylt and Westerland to pull another client. As we know Sylt Island have really best image for quality of service, adjustment and amusement, particularly spa and curative of interventions so it general against client construction because we can non state best finish merely supply for affluent client, it need to supply for all age group. Problem of construing statistics Data losing Gathering informations Problem of construing This instance survey is show for us excessively many figure of statistics. Almost the job of construing statistics is mannerism. As we know statistics is really of import presents it can assist us see the job in the yesteryear and it besides can assist us to better job in the hereafter. So we can state about information of statistic is really general and it does non accurate. Some point to explicate clearly to allow you cognize: Staff of the Westerland tourer office who merely made the study on visitant study in December 1996, they give the inquiry for 302 people on Sylt who they merely sing or taking a vacation there that means the staff merely merely want to do study and they do nt care about quality of study Another side when they create study it comes from low season and it besides the same clip of the Surf Cup so that study is non right to assist to better quality of Sylt. And it besides have job during when they make study they merely took some incorrect manner for mark market, it mean they merely take some unselected client. It better if they can do study with loyal client. It non merely can assist for study but besides can assist for reliable of study. In my drumhead about job of construing statistics non merely clearly approximately mark market but besides accurate, the staff when they create for study they need to believing about who will be mark market for study? For illustration loyal client is the best pick for study. Another side it can do better for study is they besides need to believe two sort of study, first thing will be comparison will quantity client will be come to each season for illustration low season, high season and normal season. And the last point I think it really of import is they need to believe about short term and long term for study that mean it can assist for us know and easy to command demand and supply for Sylt Island, the chief point for it will be assist the foreman easy to command the room and the scheme of monetary value, it non merely can do high net income but besides can acquire more attract for client because we about know demand provide client ( what they need and desire? )

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions Did you know that astronomers can learn about galaxies that died long ago? Thats part of the story of the cosmos that the  deep cosmos-gazing  Hubble Space Telescope  was built to tell. Along with other telescopes on the ground and on orbit, it fills in the story of the universe as it peers out at distant objects. Some of its most fascinating objects are galaxies, including some that formed in the infancy of the universe and are now long gone from the cosmic scene. What stories do they tell?   What Hubble Found Studying long-dead galaxies sounds like it would be impossible. In a way, it is. Theyre no longer around, but it turns out, some of their stars are. To learn more about early galaxies that no longer exist, Hubble observed dim  light from orphaned stars that lie some 4 billion light-years away from us. They were born billions of years ago and somehow were ejected at high speed from their original galaxies, which themselves are long gone. It turns out some kind of galactic mayhem sent these stars reeling across space. They belonged to a galaxies in a massive galaxy called Pandoras Cluster. The light from those far-flung stars provided clues to a crime scene of truly galactic proportions: as many as six galaxies were somehow torn to pieces within the cluster. How could this happen? Gravity Explains a Lot Each galaxy has a gravitational pull. Its the combined gravity of all the stars, clouds of gas and dust, black holes, and dark matter that exist in the galaxy.  In a cluster, you get the combined gravitational pull of all the galaxies, and that affects all of the members of the cluster. That gravity is pretty strong. In addition, galaxies tend to move around within their clusters, which affects the motions and interacts of their cluster-mates. Add those two effects together and you set the scene  for the destruction of some not-so-lucky small galaxies that happen to get caught in the action.  They get stuck in a squeeze play between their larger neighbors as they travel, Eventually, the strong gravity of the bigger galaxies pulls the smaller ones apart.   Astronomers found clues to this destructive shredding of galaxies by studying the light from stars scattered by the action.That light would be detectable long after the galaxies were destroyed. However, this predicted intracluster glow of stars is very faint and is quite a challenge to observe.These are extremely faint stars and they are brightest in infrared wavelengths of light. This is where Hubble comes in. It has very sensitive detectors to capture that faint glow from the stars. Its observations helped scientists study the combined light of about 200 billion stars that were cast out from interacting galaxies. Its measurements showed that the scattered stars are rich in heavier elements like oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. This means they are not the first-ever stars formed. The first stars consisted mainly of hydrogen and helium, and forged heavier elements in their cores. When those earliest ones died, all the elements were cast into space and into nebulae of gas and dust. Later generations of stars formed from those clouds and show higher concentrations of heavy elements. It is the enriched stars that Hubble studied in an effort to track what happened to their galactic homes.   Future Studies Zero in on More Orphan Stars Theres still a lot to figure out about the earliest, most distant galaxies and their interactions. Everywhere Hubble looks, it finds more and more distant galaxies. The farther out it  peers, the further back in time it looks. Each time it makes a deep field observation, this telescope shows astronomers fascinating things about the earliest times in the cosmos. Thats all part of the study of cosmology, the origin and evolution of the universe.

Business Plan - Marketing Section Research Paper

Business Plan - Marketing Section - Research Paper Example A product’s value proposition is a statement of the functional, emotional and self-expressive benefits delivered by the product that provide value for the target customer, (Barnes, Blake & Pinder, 2009). When we break this down we see that it consists of the following components: what the company offers the customers, the type of value or benefit associated with this offering, to whom the company is offering this value. The company is offering products in the following broad categories: network configuration, audio-visual maintenance, network security, and software solutions. A primary market research was conducted to verify whether these products and services were needed. The company sent a group of marketing staff to school districts in the local areas and the greater parts of the North East United States, to carry out some research, which realized several findings. The potential customers, the schools and other business establishments, had a number of problems that called for some solutions. There were customers who had computer systems, printers and storage systems that were not interconnected, yet they still had the need to share devices, the internet, software and files. A number of schools had audio-visual systems that lacked preventative maintenance to make them operate at optimum levels. Few establishments lacked optimization of their IT software and hardware, and they did not have security solutions to protect their network systems, corporate database data and information assets against potential threats exposures which can jeopardize or client’s business information confidentiality, integrity, and availability. There were no security strategies to mitigate on issues caused by people, network system set-up and configuration, system functionality, and business processes. They were short of software solutions for their needs. A few companies that were existing to provide solutions to their needs were

SEE ATTACHMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE ATTACHMENT - Essay Example The new healthcare policy opens up shared responsibility between the state and the individual, and thus, those who prefers not to avail insurance offered by the state, may exercise essential responsibility to avail healthcare pre-need policy from the open market of insurance companies (Healthcare.gov, 2012). I am willing to pay an insurance coverage that is only commensurate to my income (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Hence, it’s but proper that we are given options to choose which insurance scheme is more favorable to us as subscribers (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Section 1002 cited the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and Section 1501 (b) of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (as amended) (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Applicable payments for workers are also cited in Section 1003 (Healthcare.gov, 2012). The subscribers options are however limited depending on the implementation of new healthcare policy in various states and on the age bracket of the subscribers (Healthcare.gov, 2012). For instance, the new law clearly stipulated that those who are aging below 26 years old are still covered under parent’s insurance policy and those who are beyond 65 could already avail of free preventive healthcare services and discount for medicinal prescriptions (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Those are employed will also be able to avail healthcare policies that will be provided by the company (Healthcare.gov, 2012). Providing healthcare policies for workers is an opportunity for company to avail healthcare tax credits (Healthcare.gov,

Save water Essay Example for Free

Save water Essay WATER SAVINGS PROTOCOL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Final Version 3.0 June 2009 Acknowledgements This document has been prepared by the Department of Sustainability and Environment in collaboration with Goulburn-Murray Water, the Northern Victoria Irrigation Renewal Project (NVIRP) with technical advice provided by Hydro Environmental. -i- TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction _______________________________________________________ 1 2. Purpose of this Document ___________________________________________ 2 3. Roles and Responsibilities ___________________________________________ 2 3.1. Project Proponent _____________________________________________________3 3.2. Water Corporation _____________________________________________________4 3.3. Resource Manager_____________________________________________________4 3.4. Minister for Water and Associated Departments ______________________________5 3.4.1. Department for Sustainability and Environment ______________________________ 5 3.5. Minister for Planning and Community Development and Associated Departments ____6 3.6. Minister for Environment and Associated Departments _________________________6 3. 6.1. Catchment Management Authorities (Environmental Managers) _________________ 6 3.7. Murray-Darling Basin Authority ___________________________________________7 4. High Level Process Diagram for Assessing Water Savings ________________ 7 ii 1. Introduction This document â€Å"Roles and Responsibilities† is part of the â€Å"Water Savings Protocol for the Quantification of Water Saving Projects† (the Protocol). The Protocol is a series of documents, which together, provides transparency, and consistency in the estimation and allocation of water savings derived from irrigation modernisation projects. It has been developed based on the key principles in the Draft Northern Region Sustainable Water Strategy and is applicable State-wide. The Protocol consists of: †¢ Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings †¢ Roles and Responsibilities †¢ Water Savings Audit Process The documents that make up the Protocol is shown in Figure 1. WATER SAVINGS PROTOCOL FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF WATER SAVINGS FROM IRRIGATION MODERNISATION PROJECTS Explanatory Note from the Minister Technical Manual For Quantification of Water Savings Roles Responsibilities Water Savings Audit Process Figure 1: Water Savings Protocol documents The overall purpose of the Water Savings Protocol documents, including this document, is to: †¢ specify a reliable and repeatable process and method to estimate water savings from irrigation modernisation projects; -1- †¢ †¢ 2. provide the best estimate of water savings for inclusion in economic assessments of investments in irrigation modernisation projects; and establish a transparent process which can be readily audited and reported on to enable actual water savings to be converted to entitlements at an appropriate time. Purpose of this Document The purpose of this document is to set out the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in irrigation modernisation projects. The roles and responsibilities are specifically related to the accounting, reporting and auditing of associated water savings. These roles and responsibilities are consistent with Government Policies including the legislated roles and responsibilities of the various organisations in the Water Act 1989 and the Environmental Effects Act 1978. 3. Roles and Responsibilities The following sections outline the specific roles and responsibilities of the various organisations involved in water savings projects. These organisations include:i. the Project Proponent ii. the System Operator iii. the Minister for Water iv. the Department of Sustainability and Environment (the Department) v. Environmental Regulator (Minister for Planning) and Associated Departments vi. Minister for Environment and Associated Departments vii. Environmental Manager (Catchment Management Authority and/or Parks Victoria) viii. the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (in relation to Northern Victoria). The relationship between the above mentioned organisations and their involvement in water savings projects throughout Victoria can be seen schematically in Figure 2. -2- Minister for Environment and Climate Change Minister for Planning and Community Development Catchment Management Authorities Water Corporation Parks Victoria Minister for Water Resource Manager / System Operator Department of Sustainability and Environment Murray Darling Basin Authority Project Proponent Figure 2: Victorian Water Savings Projects – Key Organisations 3.1. Project Proponent The project proponent is the entity with the role of planning, designing and delivering the irrigation modernisation project including its various water savings interventions. The role of the Proponent is to: †¢ identify water saving opportunities. †¢ devise and develop the scope of projects in conjunction with the holder of the system operating water entitlement. †¢ seek all necessary approvals to works and endorsement of their associated water savings. †¢ identify potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures and consult with the appropriate environmental managers at a State and Federal level. †¢ quantify the volume of water savings to be generated by each intervention in accordance with the methodology outlined in the Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings. †¢ prior to implementing the annual works program, and at reasonable intervals throughout the season if requested by the System Operator, calculate the estimated interim water savings for the current/future irrigation season for the purpose for setting this water aside for future allocation. †¢ communicate to the System Operator, the planned annual works program and changes as they occur. †¢ implement works in accordance with the works program. -3- †¢ communicate any significant departures from the planned works program, as it is implemented, to the System Operator. †¢ notify the System Operator and the Executive Director of Water Entitlements and Strategies (within the Department) of the volumes of water that are expected to be set aside (Interim Savings) and transferred (Long Term Savings) as result of each intervention being implemented. †¢ calculate the actual water savings arising from the works in accordance with the Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings to determine both the interim and the long term water savings. †¢ report, as required, the projected interim and final water savings including any details of changes from the overall targeted volumes of water savings for the project or water savings intervention. †¢ arrange for an independent audit and report of the water savings utilising the independent auditor(s) awarded to the auditing of water savings by the independent panel in accordance with the Audit Process. †¢ advise the System Operator and Executive Director of Water Entitlements and Strategies (within the Department) on the outcomes of the water savings audit 3.2. Water Corporation The Water Corporation is responsible for assessing system losses on the longer term to ensure longevity of water savings realised through interventions associated with irrigation modernisation projects. The System Operator is to: †¢ ensure water delivery services can continue to be provided to water entitlement holders on the system. †¢ on the advice of the proponent, consult with system water users impacted by the agreed project works. †¢ provide water system asset information required to enable the Project Proponent to complete interim and long term water savings projections. †¢ apply to Minister for Water to amend/transfer part of the savings as water entitlement. †¢ operate and maintain the water delivery system in accordance with the agreed project objectives and ensure accountable water savings are sustainable and maintained in the long term. 3.3. Resource Manager The Resource Manager or Storage Operator, as defined in the relevant bulk entitlements, is responsible for managing and allocating the water resources in accordance with the bulk entitlements. This includes making and projecting seasonal determinations. The Resource Manager / Storage Operator is to: †¢ provide to the proponent, projections of annual water deliveries and allocations to enable the progressive calculation of interim water savings as the project is implemented. -4- †¢ manage and collect water delivery system flow (inflow and outflow) measurement data and make that data available t the Project Proponent. †¢ ensure provision of water related data to the Project Proponent and the Department is guaranteed through a quality assurance process. Where the data has been modified or filtered, provide both the raw and modified data including documentation of reasons for modification. †¢ at the start of each irrigation season, or progressively as agreed, set aside the amounts of water projected to be saved through the modernisation works. †¢ confirm the estimates of actual water savings provide by the Project Proponent and where necessary recommend an amendment to those savings for consideration by the Project Proponent. 3.4. Minister for Water and Associated Departments The Minister for Water is responsible for the water portfolio in the State of Victoria. The Minister oversees the policy direction with the support of the Department. The delivery of long term water savings and ensuring government water savings targets are met is a key responsibility of the Minister. The Minister for Water: †¢ has agreed to the Water Savings Framework and its associated Water Savings Protocols including its Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings and the Water Savings Audit Processes †¢ will, with the support of the Department, update the Protocol to ensure continual improvement and the use of the best technical basis available at the time. †¢ will, with the support of the Department, amend and transfer Bulk entitlements (Water Act 1989) to represent the long term water savings realised through the modernisation program. 3.4.1. Department for Sustainability and Environment The Department supports the Minister for Water in the administration of the water portfolio in Victoria with respect to water recovery. The Department will: †¢ support the Minister for Water in developing a Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings (Attachment 1) and the associated Audit Processes (Attachment 3). †¢ support the Minister for Water in amending and transferring bulk entitlements. †¢ recommend to the Minister for Water updates to the Protocols, particularity the Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings to ensure continual improvement and the use of the best technical basis available at the time. †¢ convene a meeting with the System Operator and the Project Proponent and Department a minimum of every 6 months to review the application of the Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings in Northern Victoria. -5- †¢ arrange for a Panel to establish a list of independent auditors which may be used to audit water savings estimates and related baseline data (both interim savings on annual basis and long term savings at the end of the water savings project). †¢ establish an agreed methodology for calculating the annual Long Term Cap Equivalent (LTCE) conversion factor to be used in long term water savings estimates. †¢ provide the Project Proponent (and System Operator if requested) with the Long Term Cap Equivalent conversion factors for particular years. 3.5. Minister for Planning and Community Development and Associated Departments The Minister for Planning and Community Development oversees the adherence of water savings projects to all relevant environmental legislation (both State and Federal). The Minister for Planning and Community Development will: †¢ assess environmental impacts of the works and measures proposed by the Project Proponent †¢ provided certain conditions are met, issue planning approvals for the works proposed by the Project Proponent (it should be noted that it is not the role of regulator to quantify the volume of water savings). 3.6. Minister for Environment and Associated Departments The Minister for Environment is responsible for management and mitigation of any undesirable impacts of the water savings project. The Minister for Environment has a responsibility to: †¢ work with environmental managers to consult on any potential environmental impact of works and seek multiple benefit projects †¢ provide advice to the Minister for Planning and Community Development on potential environmental impacts associated with works †¢ develop the principles for the planning and use of Requisite (Mitigating) Water to ensure net environmental gain to the project region. 3.6.1. Catchment Management Authorities (Environmental Managers) The Catchment Management Authorities (CMAs) have a charter to develop and oversee the implementation of Regional Catchment Strategies aimed at improving or at least maintaining catchment health and to, on behalf of the Minister for Environment, manage the environmental water entitlements. The role related to the environmental water entitlement includes: †¢ improving river and wetland health through the use of the Environmental Water Reserve and delivery of complementary works. †¢ working with the water savings Project Proponent to identify potential environmental impacts of the actions and potential mitigation measures proposed by the Project Proponent. -6- †¢ working with the Project Proponent and System Operator to seek multiple benefit projects and multiple project benefits. In instances where Parks Victoria is the owner or custodian of the land, the catchment responsibilities for the maintenance of catchment heath will be delivered through Parks Victoria. 3.7. Murray-Darling Basin Authority The Murray-Darling Basin Authority is responsible for integrated, sustainable management of water resources in the Murray-Darling Basin. Its role includes: †¢ ensuring appropriate water diversion accounting against the Murray-Darling Basin Cap on allowable annual diversions. †¢ developing and implementing of the Basin Management Plan which will be a strategic plan for the integrated and sustainable management of water resources in the Murray-Darling Basin. Details of the future role of the Authority in relation to water savings will be resolved as part of the Basin Plan. 4. High Level Process Diagram for Assessing Water Savings The quantification of water savings is undertaken in four separate stages or Phases of the water savings project, these phases are defined as follows: †¢ Phase 1: †¢ Phase 2: †¢ Phase 3: †¢ Phase 4: The initial â€Å"Business Case† long term estimates of water savings for the planned program of works The annual pre-works estimates of interim water savings to be set aside within the water savings account. The annual post-works measurement or verification of interim water savings able to be allocated from the water savings account. The end of program assessment of the overall long term water savings achieved through the modernisation program. Each of the Phases, and the steps which are required to quantify the water savings under these Phases, is described in detail within the Technical Manual for the Quantification of Water Savings. Figure 3 schematically describes the roles and responsibilities of the above mentioned organisations in estimating, measuring, verifying, and reporting water savings associated with irrigation system modernisation programs. The interactions between each of the Phases of reporting and the required information sharing are also provided within that diagram. -7- Figure 3: High level process flow for defining, capturing reporting Water Savings in Irrigation Modernisation Project -8-

Big Life, REVIEW :: Drama

Big Life, REVIEW â€Å"The play/ musical is about a group of black people coming to England, from the Caribbean islands, in search for a better standard of living and hopefully to get a good job and settle there. The play just explains what the different people have to put up, and how their lives have become after coming to England. It shows how they resist women, how they fight off racism and of how they try to fulfil their ambitions in England. It is set back in the 1950’s, where the country was very white- dominated, and English people were not accustomed to having people of other cultures around them. It is a very touching musical; with that little bit of comedy, added by Mrs Aphrodite, a member of the audience, talking of her own experiences in the 50’s. Full of life and music, and very engaging! SYNOPSIS: The Big Life starts off with all the men, and Sybil coming to England. Sybil and Bernie, who are engaged, break up because Bernie thinks that she was flirting with another man. The men all together decide to make a pact. This says that they will finish having things like cigarettes and alcohol; sleep just 4 hours per night; fast once a week and no relationships with women, and make a  £5 bet with admiral that they will stick to what they say. The next scene is in the B&B, where Zulieka, Mary and Kathy are sitting and doing odd jobs, when Sybil enters. She tells them of how she broke up with Bernie, and the women all decide that they no longer want anything to do with men. Meanwhile, the men are on a tube looking for somewhere to stay, and someone mentions the B&B, but Bernie says he’d rather sleep on the streets. They decide in the end to go there and get rooms. The women continue to talk of how useless men are. Then in Piccadilly Circus, Admiral and Jacqueline the prostitute are sitting eating chips, when Lennie and Dennis enter, complaining they have still not found a job and how rude people are being to them. The reverend enters and starts preaching, and Admiral is insulted as he feels he is implying that he plays the devil’s music, so plays louder. The members of the congregation start singing and Lennie and Dennis have an argument. In the B&B, Bernie enters in his new postman’s uniform, and Sybil exits. Zulieka explains that the other man she was talking to was an uncle of hers. Ferdy and Zulieka discuss his book and some memories.

Egalitarian Companies Are More Innovative

Discuss the pros and cons of the following statement: â€Å"Egalitarian companies are more innovative. † An egalitarian company exists with equal human rights for all employees, regardless of social economic income, race, origin, gender, religious or political beliefs. Most people view egalitarian as fair as it creates a friendly working environment. an egalitarian work environment doesn’t depend on job descriptions and traditional management roles. This allows employees to function as a more inclusive work force. it promoted shared responsibilities among workers and promotes team work. An egalitarian work environment doesn’t depend on job description and traditional management roles to define employees and structure workforce. This allows employees in a company to exist without hierarchies and function as more inclusive workforce. Employees may feel more appreciated and contribute ideas to the company’s growth and overall direction and operational strategies. Pros. In organizations, hierarchy is more than just a human predisposition, it’s a practical necessity. The purpose of an organization is to mobilize diverse talents and abilities in order to produce goods and services. In the modern world, we have technology to multiply this output. We need to divide up tasks, match them with the right people (since not all people have equal skills), and then integrate them for customers. Somebody has to provide the direction to make this happen effectively at every stage and level. This is where the role of the supervisor, manager, team leader, or executive comes in. Without this guidance and decision function, we would have disorganization. There are many, companies that have long shown success through their structure. In certain market environments there need strict adherence to standards, requirements, policies, etc. ierarchies can help ensure top quality is always present. ie health facilities. Additionally, utilizing specialists or experts inside an organization or network, is natural. Not everyone can do everything. Boundaries can be more permeable so that people can share information, resources, and ideas to make the whole enterprise more successful. Making this happen is never easy, but it can’t be done at all without leaders who have the authority to break the ties between groups and individuals who have different visions of what should be done. There is no better way to do this than through traditional hierarchy. Along with that, it may not be cost, time or quality abiding to let everyone roam free without direction. The right blend and balance for any one particular organization will depend on the pace of change in the industry, the capabilities of the employees, and the resources available to take action. The need for leadership will always exist. There will always be a need for visionaries, people who can influence others, and people who can execute. Cons. While hierarchies were the favored form of organizing in the past, they should not be the key design in business. Hierarchies, characterized by tight controls, centralized decision-making, and clear-cut job descriptions, often alienate employees and promote an individualistic work mentality. Traditional management systems are increasingly a vanishing breed, no longer valuable or relevant in today’s increasingly human-capital-centric workplace. The lack of job descriptions, flatter organizations, and flexible approach would likely fit better for organizational environments that are new, immature, or very rapidly evolving. With a lightning fast pace of change, constraining job descriptions may hold individuals back from taking action. Leadership is vital in driving forward principles that can be acted upon. With visionary approaches that allow for empowered action, many great things can be achieved. Identify three organizations that you perceive as being innovative. Organization innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization. The three organizations that I perceive as being innovative are; Facebook, Apple and Microsoft. All three companies have managed to be creative and sustain a competitive advantage. They have also maintained quality and form of their service and product overtime. Identify the innovation and its impact upon each organization. Facebook innovation has attracted billions of members to their site. They have a continuing innovation of interactive face book communication that has created patterns of innovation overtime. Facebook has created a market competitive advantage. Facebook has used distinctive competitiveness to sustain its innovation and avoid duplication by competitors. Face book have maintained an incremental change by having their members sign in for free and also by improving the Facebook performance as a dominant website. Facebook is a social networking service and website. As of January 2012, Facebook had more than 800 million active users. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as â€Å"People from Work† or â€Å"Close Friends†. Face book innovation as attracted 7 billion user’s worldwide. It has also launched a Spanish version. Apple, one of the greatest innovators continue to launch new technology i. e. IPhones, iPods. Etc. over time Apple continues to create newer sustainable technology. Apple Inc. together with subsidiaries offers designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players; and sells related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content worldwide. Its products and services include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV, the iOS and Mac OS X operating systems, iCloud, and various accessory and support offerings, as well as a range of consumer and professional software applications. As of September 24, 2011, the company had 357 retail stores, including 245 stores in the United States and 112 stores internationally. Apple Inc. was founded in 1976 and is headquartered in Cupertino, California. Microsoft Corporation develops, licenses, and supports a range of software products and services for various computing devices worldwide. The company’s Windows & Windows Live Division segment offers PC operating system that primarily includes Windows 7 and Windows Vista operating systems; Windows live suite of applications and Web services; and Microsoft PC hardware products. Its Microsoft’s Server and Tools segment provides Windows Server operating systems, Windows Azure, Microsoft SQL Server, SQL Azure, Windows Intune, Windows Embedded, Visual Studio, Silverlight, system center products, Microsoft consulting services, and product support services. This segment also offers enterprise consulting services; and training and certification to developers and information technology professionals, as well as builds standalone and software development lifecycle tools for software architects, developers, testers, and project managers. The company provides online information and content through Bing, MSN portals, and adCenter, as well as Atlas online tools for advertisers. Its Microsoft Business Division segment offers Microsoft office; Microsoft Exchange; Microsoft SharePoint; Microsoft Lync; Microsoft Dynamics ERP and CRM; and Microsoft Office Web Apps, as well as office 365, n online service, offering Microsoft Office, Exchange, SharePoint, and Lync. The company’s has created great inovative Entertainment and Devices Division segment provides Xbox 360 entertainment platform, which includes the Xbox 360 gaming and entertainment console, Kinect for Xbox 360, Xbox 360 video games, Xbox LIVE, and Xbox 360 accessories; Mediaroom, an Internet protocol television software; and Windows Phone that provide Microsoft Office and Xbox LIVE functionality. It markets and distributes its products and services through original equipment manufacturers, distributors, and resellers, as well as through online. Microsoft was founded in 1975 and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington. (www. mocrosoft. com) William Chuck,(management) 2010 Custom Edition.